How to Know You Are Celtic Origin Maps

Territories in Northwestern Europe in which Celtic cultural traits have survived

The Celtic Nations Ar Broioù Keltiek (Breton) An Kenedhlow Keltek (Cornish) Na Náisiúin Cheilteach (Irish) Ny Hashoonyn Celtiagh (Manx) Na Dùthchannan Ceilteach (Scottish Gaelic) Y Cenhedloedd Celtaidd (Welsh)
The half dozen Celtic nations  Brittany  Cornwall  Ireland  Isle of man  Scotland  Wales
Languages	Listing Breton Cornish Irish Manx Scottish Welsh
Nations	List Brittany Cornwall Ireland Mann Scotland Wales
Population
• 2017 approximate	xix,597,212

The Celtic nations are a cultural expanse and drove of geographical regions in Northwestern Europe where the Celtic languages and cultural traits have survived.^[1] The term nation is used in its original sense to mean a people who share a common identity and civilization and are identified with a traditional territory.

The six regions widely considered Celtic nations are Brittany (Breizh ), Cornwall (Kernow ), Ireland (Éire ), the Isle of man (Mannin, or Ellan Vannin ), Scotland (Alba ), and Wales (Cymru ).^{[ane] [2]} In each of the six nations a Celtic language is spoken to some extent: Brittonic or Brythonic languages are spoken in Brittany, Cornwall, and Wales, while Goidelic or Gaelic languages are spoken in Scotland, Ireland, and the Isle of Man.^[iii]

Before the expansions of Aboriginal Rome and the Germanic and Slavic-speaking tribes, a pregnant part of Europe was dominated by Celts, leaving behind a legacy of Celtic cultural traits.^[4] Territories in England Cumbria, Devon, northward-western Iberia—particularly northern Portugal, Galicia, Asturias, León, and Cantabria (together historically referred to as Gallaecia and Astures), covering north-central Portugal and northern Spain—are considered Celtic nations due to their culture and history.^[5] Unlike the others, however, no Celtic language has been spoken there in modern times.^{[five] [half dozen] [7]}

Six Celtic nations [edit]

Each of the half dozen nations has its ain Celtic language. In Brittany, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales these take been spoken continuously through time, while Cornwall and the Mann have languages that were spoken into modern times but later died as spoken community languages.^{[viii] [9]} In the latter two regions, however, language revitalisation movements have led to the adoption of these languages by adults and produced a number of native speakers.^[10]

Ireland, Wales, Brittany and Scotland contain areas where a Celtic language is used on a daily basis; in Ireland these areas are called the Gaeltacht; in Wales Y Fro Gymraeg, and in Brittany Breizh-Izel.^[eleven] By and large these communities are in the w of their countries and in more than isolated upland or island areas. Welsh, however, is much more widespread, with much of the north and w speaking it as a first linguistic communication, or equally aslope English language. Public signage is in dual languages throughout Wales and it is now a requirement to possess at least basic Welsh in order to be employed by the Welsh Government. The term Gàidhealtachd historically distinguished the Gaelic-speaking areas of Scotland (the Highlands and islands) from the Lowland Scots (i.eastward. Anglo-Saxon-speaking) areas. More recently, this term has also been adopted as the Gaelic name of the Highland council area, which includes non-Gaelic speaking areas. Hence, more than specific terms such equally sgìre Ghàidhlig ("Gaelic-speaking expanse") are at present used.

In Wales, the Welsh language is a cadre curriculum (compulsory) field of study, which all pupils study.^[12] Additionally, 20% of schoolchildren in Wales attend Welsh medium schools, where they are taught entirely in the Welsh linguistic communication.^[13] In the Republic of Ireland, all school children study Irish gaelic every bit i of the 3 core subjects until the end of secondary school, and 7.four% of master school education is through Irish gaelic medium educational activity, which is part of the Gaelscoil movement.^[xiii] In the Mann, there is one Manx-medium primary school, and all schoolchildren have the opportunity to larn Manx.

Other territories [edit]

Parts of the northern Iberian Peninsula, namely Galicia, Cantabria, Asturias and Northern Portugal, also lay claim to this heritage.^[five] Musicians from Galicia and Asturias have participated in Celtic music festivals, such as the Ortigueira's Festival of Celtic World in the hamlet of Ortigueira or the Breton Festival Interceltique de Lorient, which in 2013 celebrated the Yr of Asturias, and in 2019 historic the Year of Galicia.^[14] Northern Portugal, part of aboriginal Gallaecia (Galicia, Minho, Douro and Trás-os-Montes), besides has traditions quite like to Galicia.^[5] However, no Celtic language has been spoken in northern Iberia since probably the Early on Heart Ages.^{[fifteen] [16]}

Irish was once widely spoken on the island of Newfoundland, but had largely disappeared in that location past the early 20th century. Vestiges remain in some words found in Newfoundland English language, such every bit scrob for "scratch", and sleveen for "rascal"^[17] There are well-nigh no known fluent speakers of Irish Gaelic in Newfoundland or Labrador today. Noesis seems to be largely restricted to memorized passages, such equally traditional tales and songs.^[17]

Canadian Gaelic dialects of Scottish Gaelic are withal spoken by Gaels in other parts of Atlantic Canada, primarily on Greatcoat Breton Island and adjacent areas of Nova Scotia. In 2011, in that location were one,275 Gaelic speakers in Nova Scotia,^[eighteen] and 300 residents of the province considered a Gaelic linguistic communication to be their "female parent natural language".^[19]

Patagonian Welsh is spoken principally in Y Wladfa in the Chubut Province of Patagonia, with sporadic speakers elsewhere in Argentina. Estimates of the number of Welsh speakers range from 1,500^[20] to five,000.^[21]

Celtic languages [edit]

Celtic Nations with modernistic-mean solar day Celtic language speaking regions shaded in night green

The Celtic languages form a branch of the greater Indo-European language family. SIL Ethnologue lists 6 living Celtic languages, of which four have retained a substantial number of native speakers. These are the Goidelic languages (i.e. Irish gaelic and Scottish Gaelic, which are both descended from Middle Irish) and the Brittonic languages (i.due east. Welsh and Breton, which are both descended from Common Brittonic).^[22]

The other two, Cornish (a Brittonic language) and Manx (a Goidelic language), died in modern times with their presumed last native speakers in 1777 and 1974 respectively. For both these languages, however, revitalisation movements have led to the adoption of these languages by adults and children and produced some native speakers.

Taken together, in that location were roughly one million native speakers of Celtic languages as of the 2000s. In 2010, in that location were more 1.4 1000000 speakers of Celtic languages.^[23]

The chart beneath shows the population of each Celtic nation and the number of people in each nation who tin can speak Celtic languages. The total number of people living in the Celtic nations is 19,596,000 people and, of these, the full number of people who can speak the Celtic languages is approximately 2,818,000 or 14.iii%.

Nation	Celtic name	Celtic language	People	Area (km2)	Population	Competent speakers	Percentage of population
Ireland[i]	Éire	Irish (Gaeilge )	Irish (Éireannaigh, Gaeil )	84,421	vi,572,728 ROI four,761,865 NI 1,810,863[25]	1,891,941 total: Republic of ireland: i,891,941 ROI 1,761,420 NI 130,521[26] [27] United States: 30,000 Canada: seven,500 Commonwealth of australia: 1,895	28.8% ROI 37.0% NI 7.2%
Scotland	Alba	Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig )	Scottish (Albannaich )	77,933	5,429,600	92,400[28]	ane.2%[29]
Brittany	Breizh	Breton (Brezhoneg )	Bretons (Breizhiz )	34,023	four,300,000	206,000[xxx]	5%[xxx]
Wales	Cymru	Welsh (Cymraeg )	Welsh (Cymry)	20,779	3,200,000	750,000+ total: Wales: 611,000[31] England: 150,000[32] Argentina: v,000[33] U.s.a.: 2,500[34] Canada: ii,200[35]	21.seven%[36]
Cornwall	Kernow	Cornish (Kernowek )	Cornish (Kernowyon )	iii,562	500,000	2,000[37]	0.1%[38] [39]
Isle of Man	Mannin, Ellan Vannin	Manx (Gaelg )	Manx (Manninee )	572	84,497[40]	1,662[forty]	2.0%[xl]

1. ^ The flag of the Republic of Republic of ireland is used past the Celtic League^[24] to represent Ireland, although there is no universally accepted flag for the whole of the island.

Celtic identity [edit]

Formal cooperation between the Celtic nations is active in many contexts, including politics, languages, culture, music and sports:

The Celtic League is an inter-Celtic political system, which campaigns for the political, language, cultural and social rights, affecting one or more of the Celtic nations.^[41]

Established in 1917, the Celtic Congress is a not-political arrangement that seeks to promote Celtic culture and languages and to maintain intellectual contact and close cooperation between Celtic peoples.^[42]

Festivals jubilant the culture of the Celtic nations include the Festival Interceltique de Lorient (Brittany), the Pan Celtic Festival (Republic of ireland), CeltFest Cuba (Havana, Cuba), the National Celtic Festival (Portarlington, Australia), the Celtic Media Festival (showcasing film and tv from the Celtic nations), and the Eisteddfod (Wales).^{[7] [43] [44] [45]}

Inter-Celtic music festivals include Celtic Connections (Glasgow), and the Hebridean Celtic Festival (Stornoway).^{[46] [47]} Due to immigration, a dialect of Scottish Gaelic (Canadian Gaelic) is spoken by some on Greatcoat Breton Island in Nova Scotia, while a Welsh-speaking minority exists in the Chubut Province of Argentina. Hence, for certain purposes—such as the Festival Interceltique de Lorient—Gallaecia, Asturias, and Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia are considered 3 of the ix Celtic nations.^[vii]

Competitions are held between the Celtic nations in sports such as rugby union (Pro14—formerly known as the Celtic League), athletics (Celtic Cup) and association football (the Nations Cup—besides known equally the Celtic Loving cup).^{[48] [49]}

The Commonwealth of Ireland enjoyed a catamenia of rapid economic growth between 1995 and 2007, leading to the use of the phrase Celtic Tiger to describe the country.^{[fifty] [51]} Aspirations for Scotland to reach a similar economic performance to that of Republic of ireland led the Scotland First Government minister Alex Salmond to prepare out his vision of a Celtic King of beasts economic system for Scotland, in 2007.^[52]

Genetic studies [edit]

A Y-Dna study by an Oxford University research team in 2006 claimed that the bulk of Britons, including many of the English, are descended from a group of tribes which arrived from Iberia around 5000 BC, earlier the spread of Celtic culture into western Europe. However, three major later genetic studies have largely invalidated these claims, instead showing that haplogroup R1b in western Europe, virtually common in traditionally Celtic-speaking areas of Atlantic Europe like Republic of ireland and Brittany, would have largely expanded in massive migrations from the Indo-European homeland, the Yamnaya civilization in the Pontic–Caspian steppe, during the Statuary Age along with carriers of Indo-European languages like proto-Celtic. Unlike previous studies, large sections of autosomal Dna were analyzed in addition to paternal Y-DNA markers. They detected an autosomal component present in modern Europeans which was not present in Neolithic or Mesolithic Europeans, and which would have been introduced into Europe with paternal lineages R1b and R1a, too as the Indo-European languages. This genetic component, labelled as "Yamnaya" in the studies, then mixed to varying degrees with earlier Mesolithic hunter-gatherer or Neolithic farmer populations already existing in western Europe.^{[53] [54] [55]} Furthermore, a 2016 study besides institute that Bronze Age remains from Rathlin Island in Republic of ireland dating to over 4,000 years ago were virtually genetically similar to modern Irish gaelic, Scottish and Welsh, and that the core of the genome of insular Celtic populations was established past this fourth dimension.^[56]

In 2015 a genetic study of the United Kingdom showed that there is no unified 'Celtic' genetic identity compared to 'non-Celtic' areas. The 'Celtic' areas of the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland (Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales and Cornwall) prove the well-nigh genetic differences among each other.^[57] The data shows that Scottish and Cornish populations share greater genetic similarity with the English language than they exercise with other 'Celtic' populations, with the Cornish in item beingness genetically much closer to other English groups than they are to the Welsh or the Scots.^[58]

Terminology [edit]

The term Celtic nations derives from the linguistics studies of the 16th century scholar George Buchanan and the polymath Edward Lhuyd.^[59] As Assistant Keeper and then Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (1691–1709), Lhuyd travelled extensively in Groovy Britain, Ireland and Brittany in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Noting the similarity between the languages of Brittany, Cornwall and Wales, which he called "P-Celtic" or Brythonic, the languages of Ireland, the Mann and Scotland, which he called "Q-Celtic" or Goidelic, and betwixt the 2 groups, Lhuyd published Archaeologia Britannica: an Business relationship of the Languages, Histories and Customs of United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, from Travels through Wales, Cornwall, Bas-Bretagne, Republic of ireland and Scotland in 1707. His Archaeologia Britannica concluded that all six languages derived from the aforementioned root. Lhuyd theorised that the root language descended from the languages spoken past the Fe Historic period tribes of Gaul, whom Greek and Roman writers called Celtic.^[60] Having divers the languages of those areas as Celtic, the people living in them and speaking those languages became known equally Celtic too. There is some dispute equally to whether Lhuyd'due south theory is right. Nevertheless, the term Celtic to describe the languages and peoples of Brittany, Cornwall and Wales, Republic of ireland, the Isle of Man and Scotland was accepted from the 18th century and is widely used today.^[59]

These areas of Europe are sometimes referred to equally the "Celt chugalug" or "Celtic fringe" considering of their location mostly on the western edges of the continent, and of the states they inhabit (e.thou. Brittany is in the northwest of French republic, Cornwall is in the south west of Cracking Britain, Wales in western Great Great britain and the Gaelic-speaking parts of Ireland and Scotland are in the w of those countries).^{[61] [62]} Additionally, this region is known as the "Celtic Crescent" because of the near crescent shaped position of the nations in Europe.^[63]

Endonyms and Celtic exonyms [edit]

The Celtic names for each nation in each linguistic communication illustrate some of the similarity between the languages. Despite differences in orthography, at that place are many audio and lexical correspondences between the endonyms and exonyms used to refer to the Celtic nations.

English	Breton ( Brezhoneg )	Irish[64] ( Gaeilge )	Scottish Gaelic[65] ( Gàidhlig )	Welsh ( Cymraeg )	Manx ( Gaelg )	Cornish[66] ( Kernowek )
Brittany	Breizh [bʁɛjs, bʁɛχ]	an Bhriotáin [ənˠ ˈvʲɾʲit̪ˠaːnʲ]	a' Bhreatainn Bheag [ə ˈvɾʲɛht̪əɲ ˈvek]	Llydaw [ˈɬədau]	yn Vritaan	Breten Vian
Cornwall	Kernev-Veur [ˈkɛʁnev ˈvøːr]	Corn na Breataine [ˈkoːɾˠn̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈbʲɾʲat̪ˠənʲə]	a' Chòrn [ə ˈxoːrˠn̪ˠ]	Cernyw [ˈkɛrnɨu]	yn Chorn	Kernow
Ireland	Iwerzhon [iˈwɛʁzɔ̃n]	Éire [ˈeːɾʲə]	Èirinn [ˈeːɾʲɪɲ]	Iwerddon [iˈwɛrðɔn]	Nerin	Wordhen Iwerdhon
Mann Isle of man	Manav [mɑ̃ˈnaw] Enez-Vanav [ˈẽːnes vɑ̃ˈnaw]	Manainn [ˈmˠanˠən̠ʲ] Oileán Mhanann [ˈɛlʲaːn̪ˠ ˈwanˠən̪ˠ]	Manainn [ˈmanɪɲ] Eilean Mhanainn [ˈelan ˈvanɪɲ]	Manaw [ˈmanau] Ynys Manaw [ˈənɨs ˈmanau]	Mannin [ˈmanʲɪn] Ellan Vannin [ˈɛlʲan ˈvanɪnʲ]	Manow Enys Vanow
Scotland	Bro-Skos [bʁo ˈskos] Skos [skos]	Albain [ˈalˠəbˠənʲ]	Alba [ˈal̪ˠapə]	yr Alban [ər ˈalban]	Nalbin [ˈnalbənʲ]	Alban
Wales	Kembre [ˈkɛ̃mbʁe]	an Bhreatain Bheag [ənˠ ˈvʲɾʲat̪ˠənʲ ˈvʲaɡ]	a' Chuimrigh [ə ˈxɯmɯɾɪ]	Cymru [ˈkəmrɨ]	Bretin	Kembra
Celtic nations	broioù keltiek [ˈbʁoju ˈkɛltjɛk]	náisiúin Cheilteacha [ˈn̪ˠaːʃuːnʲ ˈçɛlʲtʲəxə]	nàiseanan Ceilteach [ˈn̪ˠaːʃanən ˈkʲʰeltʲəx]	gwledydd Celtaidd [ɡʊˈlɛið ˈkɛltaið]	ashoonyn Celtiagh	broyow keltek
Celtic languages	yezhoù keltiek [ˈjeːsu ˈkɛltjɛk]	teangacha Ceilteacha [ˈtʲaŋɡəxə ˈcɛlʲtʲəxə]	cànanain Cheilteach [ˈkʰaːnanɪɲ ˈçeltʲəx]	ieithoedd Celtaidd [ˈjɛiθɔɨð ˈkɛltaið]	çhengaghyn Celtiagh	yethow keltek
Corking U.k.	Breizh-Veur [ˈbʁɛjs ˈvøːʁ]	an Bhreatain Mhór [ənˠ ˈvʲɾʲat̪ˠənʲ ˈwoːɾˠ]	Breatainn Mhòr [ə ˈvɾʲɛht̪əɲ ˈvoːɾ]	Prydain Fawr [ˈpr̥ədaɨn ˈvaur]	Bretin Vooar	Breten Veur

Territories of the ancient Celts [edit]

Diachronic distribution of Celtic peoples:

 core Hallstatt territory, past the 6th century BC

 maximal Celtic expansion, past 275 BC

 Lusitanian area of Iberia where Celtic presence is uncertain

 the six Celtic nations which retained significant numbers of Celtic speakers into the Early modernistic period

During the European Iron Age, the ancient Celts extended their territory to virtually of Western and Central Europe and part of Eastern Europe and central Anatolia.

The Continental Celtic languages were extinct past the Early on Middle Ages, and the continental "Celtic cultural traits", such every bit oral traditions and practices like the visiting of sacred wells and springs, largely disappeared or, in some cases, were translated. Since they no longer take a living Celtic language, they are not included as 'Celtic nations'. Even so, some of these countries have movements claiming a "Celtic identity".

Iberian Peninsula [edit]

Iberian Peninsula at about 200 BC.^[67]

The Iberian Peninsula was an area heavily influenced by Celtic culture, particularly the aboriginal region of Gallaecia (almost the modern region of Galicia and Braga, Viana do Castelo, Douro, Porto, and Bragança in Portugal) and the Astur-leonese-Leonese region (Asturias, León, Zamora and Salamanca in Espana). Only France and Great britain accept more aboriginal Celtic place names than Espana and Portugal combined (Cunliffe and Koch 2010 and 2012).

Some of the Celtic tribes recorded in these regions by the Romans were the Gallaeci, the Bracari, the Astures, the Cantabri, the Celtici, the Celtiberi, the Tumorgogi, Albion and Cerbarci. The Lusitanians are categorised by some as Celts, or at to the lowest degree Celticised, simply there remain inscriptions in an patently non-Celtic Lusitanian language. Nevertheless, the linguistic communication had articulate affinities with the Gallaecian Celtic language. Modern-twenty-four hours Galicians, Asturians, Cantabrians and northern Portuguese claim a Celtic heritage or identity.^[v] Although the Celtic cultural traces are every bit difficult to analyse as in the other former Celtic countries of Europe, because of the extinction of Iberian Celtic languages in Roman times, Celtic heritage is attested in toponymics and language substratum, ancient texts, folklore and music.^{[v] [68]} At the cease, late Celtic influence is likewise attributed to the fifth century Romano-Briton colony of Britonia in Galicia.

Tenth century Heart Irish mythical history Lebor Gabála Érenn (Irish gaelic: Leabhar Gabhála Éireann) credited Gallaecia as the point from where the Gallaic Celts sailed to conquer Ireland.

England [edit]

Principal sites in Roman Great britain, with indication of the Celtic tribes.

In Celtic languages, England is usually referred to as "Saxon-land" (Sasana, Prisoner of war Sows, Bro-Saoz etc.), and in Welsh as Lloegr (though the Welsh translation of English also refers to the Saxon road: Saesneg, with the English people being referred to every bit "Saeson", or "Saes" in the atypical). The mildly derogatory Scottish Gaelic term Sassenach derives from this source. However, spoken Cumbric survived until approximately the 12th century, Cornish until the 18th century, and Welsh within the Welsh Marches, notably in Archenfield, now part of Herefordshire, until the 19th century. Both Cumbria and Cornwall were traditionally Brythonic in civilization. Cornwall existed every bit an contained state for some time afterwards the foundation of England, and Cumbria originally retained a bully deal of autonomy within the Kingdom of Northumbria. The unification of the Anglian kingdom of Northumbria with the Cumbric kingdom of Cumbria came near due to a political spousal relationship between the Northumbrian Male monarch Oswiu and Queen Riemmelth (Rhiainfellt in Former Welsh), a then Princess of Rheged.

Movements of population between dissimilar parts of Uk over the final two centuries, with industrial evolution and changes in living patterns such as the growth of second home ownership, have greatly modified the demographics of these areas, including the Isles of Scilly off the coast of Cornwall, although Cornwall in particular retains Celtic cultural features, and a Cornish self-government movement is well established.^[69]

Brythonic and Cumbric placenames are plant throughout England but are more common in the West of England than the East, reaching their highest density in the traditionally Celtic areas of Cornwall, Cumbria and the areas of England bordering Wales. Name elements containing Brythonic topographic words occur in many areas of England, such every bit: caer 'fort', as in the Cumbrian city of Carlisle; pen 'hill' as in the Cumbrian town of Penrith and Pendle Hill in Lancashire; afon 'river' equally in the Rivers Avon in Warwickshire, Devon and Somerset; and mynydd 'mount', as in Long Mynd in Shropshire. The proper noun 'Cumbria' is derived from the same root as Cymru, the Welsh proper noun for Wales, meaning 'the land of comrades'.

Formerly Gaulish regions [edit]

Repartition of Gaul ca. 54 BC

Most French people identify with the ancient Gauls and are well aware that they were a people that spoke Celtic languages and lived Celtic ways of life.^[70] Present, the popular nickname Gaulois, "Gaulish people", is very oft used to mean 'stock French people' to brand the difference with the descendants of foreigners in France.

Walloons occasionally characterise themselves as "Celts", mainly in opposition to the "Teutonic" Flemish and "Latin" French identities.^[71] Others think they are Belgian, that is to say Germano-Celtic people unlike from the Gaulish-Celtic French.^[71]

The ethnonym "Walloon" derives from a Germanic word significant "foreign", cognate with the words "Welsh" and "Vlach". The name of Belgium, home country of the Walloon people, is cognate with the Celtic tribal names Belgae and (possibly) the Irish legendary Fir Bolg.

Italian Peninsula [edit]

The Canegrate civilisation (13th century BC) may represent the first migratory wave of the proto-Celtic^[72] population from the northwest part of the Alps that, through the Alpine passes, had already penetrated and settled in the western Po valley between Lake Maggiore and Lake Como (Scamozzina civilization). It has too been proposed that a more than ancient proto-Celtic presence tin be traced dorsum to the first of the Middle Bronze Historic period (16th–15th century BC), when North Westwern Italy appears closely linked regarding the production of statuary artifacts, including ornaments, to the western groups of the Tumulus culture (Central Europe, 1600–1200 BC).^[73] La Tène cultural fabric appeared over a big area of mainland Italy,^[74] the southernmost example being the Celtic helmet from Canosa di Puglia.^[75]

Italy is home to the Lepontic, the oldest attested Celtic linguistic communication (from the sixth century BC).^[76] Anciently spoken in Switzerland and in Northern-Primal Italy, from the Alps to Umbria.^{[77] [78] [79] [fourscore]} According to the Recueil des Inscriptions Gauloises, more than 760 Gaulish inscriptions have been found throughout nowadays-day France—with the notable exception of Aquitaine—and in Italia,^{[81] [82]} which testifies the importance of Celtic heritage in the peninsula.

The French- and Arpitan-speaking Aosta Valley region in Italy also presents a claim of Celtic heritage.^[83] The Northern League autonomist party ofttimes exalts what information technology claims are the Celtic roots of all Northern Italia or Padania.^[84] Reportedly, Friuli besides has a merits to Celticity (recent studies accept estimated that about 1/10 of Friulian words are of Celtic origin; also, a lot of typical Friulian traditions, dances, songs and mythology are remnants of the culture of Carnian tribes who lived in this expanse during the Roman age and the early Middle Ages. Some Friulians consider themselves and their region as 1 of the Celtic Nations^{[85] [ not-main source needed ]})

Primal and Eastern European regions [edit]

Celtic tribes inhabited state in what is now southern Germany and Republic of austria.^[86] Many scholars have associated the earliest Celtic peoples with the Hallstatt civilization.^[87] The Boii, the Scordisci,^[88] and the Vindelici^[89] are some of the tribes that inhabited Fundamental Europe, including what is now Slovakia, Serbia, Croatia, Poland and the Czech Democracy as well as Frg and Austria. The Boii gave their name to Bohemia.^[xc] The Boii founded a city on the site of mod Prague, and some of its ruins are now a tourist attraction.^[91] There are claims amid modern Czechs that the Czech people are as much descendants of the Boii as they are from the later Slavic invaders (as well equally the historical Germanic peoples of Czech lands). This claim may not only exist political: co-ordinate to a 2000 written report by Semino, 35.6% of Czech males have y-chromosome haplogroup R1b,^[92] which is common amid Celts merely rare amidst Slavs. Celts besides founded Singidunum near present-mean solar day Belgrade, though the Celtic presence in modern-day Serbian regions is limited to the far due north (mainly including the historically at least partially Hungarian Vojvodina). The modern-twenty-four hour period capital of Turkey, Ankara, was once the center of the Celtic civilisation in Key Anatolia, giving the name to the region—Galatia. The La Tène culture—named for a region in modernistic Switzerland—succeeded the Halstatt era in much of central Europe.^[93]

Celtic diaspora [edit]

In other regions, people with a heritage from one of the Celtic nations also associate with the Celtic identity. In these areas, Celtic traditions and languages are meaning components of local culture. These include the Permanent North American Gaeltacht in Tamworth, Ontario, Canada which is the only Irish gaelic Gaeltacht outside Ireland; the Chubut valley of Patagonia with Welsh-speaking Welsh Argentines (known as Y Wladfa); Cape Breton Isle in Nova Scotia, with Scottish Gaelic-speaking Scottish Canadians; and southeast Newfoundland with traditionally Irish-speaking Irish Canadians. Also at one point in the 1900s there were well over 12,000 Gaelic Scots from the Isle of Lewis living in the Eastern Townships of Quebec, Canada, with identify names that still exist today recalling those inhabitants. United mexican states has a region known as "Petty Cornwall" where tens of thousands of Cornish miners migrated to work the mines of Hidalgo where today the Cornish legacy is very present in Pachuca and Real del Monte. United mexican states received migrants from Cornwall, Scotland, Ireland, Brittany, Galicia and Asturias and they celebrate their Celtic culture in this Celtic Corner of United mexican states in Real del Monte-Pachuca "Little Cornwall" area, an expanse visited by the Prince of Wales in 2014 to strengthen the cultural ties between Hidalgo and Cornwall.

Saint John, New Brunswick has often^{[ when? ]} been called^{[ by whom? ]} "Canada'southward Irish gaelic City".^{[ citation needed ]} In the years between 1815, when vast industrial changes began to disrupt the sometime life-styles in Europe, and Canadian Confederation in 1867, when immigration of that era passed its top, more than than 150,000 immigrants from Ireland flooded into Saint John. Those who came in the earlier period were largely tradesmen, and many stayed in Saint John, becoming the backbone of its builders. Simply when the Great Famine raged between 1845 and 1852, huge waves of Famine refugees flooded these shores. It is estimated that between 1845 and 1847, some thirty,000 arrived, more people than were living in the metropolis at the time. In 1847, dubbed "Black 47," i of the worst years of the Famine, some sixteen,000 immigrants, most of them from Ireland, arrived at Partridge Island, the immigration and quarantine station at the oral fissure of Saint John Harbour. All the same, thousands of Irish were living in New Brunswick prior to these events, mainly in Saint John.^[94]

After the partitioning of the British colony of Nova Scotia in 1784 New Brunswick was originally named New Republic of ireland with the capital to exist in Saint John.^[95]

Big swathes of the U.s. of America were subject to migration from Celtic peoples, or people from Celtic nations. Irish gaelic-speaking Irish Catholics congregated specially in the East Coast cities of New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, and also in Pittsburgh and Chicago, while Scots and Ulster-Scots were peculiarly prominent in the Southern U.s.a., including Appalachia although Appalachia also received regular Irish immigrants and immigrants from wales. Gaelic speaking Highland-Scots as well migrated in full-bodied numbers to the Cape Fear River expanse in North Carolina and the fortress-town of Darien, Georgia.

A legend that became popular during the Elizabethan era claims that a Welsh prince named Madoc established a colony in North America in the late 12th century. The story continues that the settlers merged with local Indian tribes, who preserved the Welsh language and the Christian religion for hundreds of years.^[96] However, there is no contemporary prove that Prince Madoc existed. An expanse of Pennsylvania known every bit the Welsh Tract was settled by Welsh Quakers, where the names of several towns yet acquit Welsh names, such as Bryn Mawr, the Lower and Upper Gwynedd Townships, and Bala Cynwyd. In the 19th century, Welsh settlers arrived in the Chubut River valley of Patagonia, Argentina and established a colony called Y Wladfa (Spanish: Colonia Galesa). Today, the Welsh language and Welsh tea houses are common in several towns, many of which take Welsh names. Dolavon and Trelew are examples of Welsh towns.

In his autobiography, the South African poet Roy Campbell recalled his youth in the Dargle Valley, nigh the city of Pietermaritzburg, where people spoke only Gaelic and Zulu.

In New Zealand, the southern regions of Otago and Southland were settled past the Free Church building of Scotland. Many of the place names in these two regions (such equally the main cities of Dunedin and Invercargill and the major river, the Clutha) have Scottish Gaelic names,^[97] and Celtic civilization is yet prominent in this area.^{[98] [99] [100]}

In addition to these, a number of people from Canada, the The states, Commonwealth of australia, Due south Africa and other parts of the erstwhile British Empire have formed various Celtic societies over the years.

Run into too [edit]

• Anglo-Celtic
• Breton nationalism
• Celt
• Celtic Christianity
• Celtic Revival
• Celtic art
• Celtic fusion
• Celtic mythology
• Galician nationalism
• Germanic languages
• Irish gaelic nationalism
• Pan-Celticism
• Norse-Gaelic
• Romance-speaking Europe
• Scottish national identity
• Slavic Europe
• Welsh nationalism

References [edit]

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Farther reading [edit]

• O'Neill, Tom (March 2006). "The Celtic Realm". National Geographic . Retrieved 30 July 2013.

External links [edit]

• Celtic nations at Curlie
• Celtic League

How to Know You Are Celtic Origin Maps

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_nations

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